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2024 was a year that upset the regional balance of power in the Middle East, with a significant impact also on the Islamic Republic of Iran.
In 2025, the political establishment in Iran thus found themselves facing major challenges, mainly entailing overhauling the national strategic concept and simultaneously managing the prerogatives of economic and international politics of the executive presided by President Pezeshkian. These challenges would therefore have to be managed within an increasingly polarized political system driven by different internal changes and in an unpredictable international context …
What are the possible scenarios?

Francesco Strazzari
He is Professor of International Relations at the Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa and lectures at the Scuola Normale Superiore and Johns Hopkins University – SAIS Europe.
He studies armed conflicts, wars, terrorism and crime in the context of the transformation of the international order, and has directed research projects in Africa, the Mediterranean Region and in Eastern Europe.
He is often asked to comment on international current events in the Italian and international media and has written numerous articles and books, including Frontiera Ucraina. Guerre, geopolitiche e ordine internazionale (2024).

Cristiano Riva
He was born in Trieste in 1961, graduated in Classics and Literature from the University of Trieste where he was awarded a PhD in the Historical Geography and Geoeconomics of Border Regions.
As a Geopolitics scholar, he has worked with the universities of Pola, Trieste and Udine, and has run courses and lectured for various bodies and associations. He teaches Latin and Greek at the Leopardi-Majorana High School in Pordenone.